Approximately 350 million people are infected globally with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and an estimated of 1 million people die from complications of Hepatitis B virus each year. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are extremely resistant strain capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and humidity.
Taxonomy of Hepatitis B virus (HBV):
› Viruses
› Retro-transcribing viruses
› Hepadnaviridae
› Orthohepadnavirus
› Hepatitis B virus
Structure …

Laxatives (purgatives, aperients) are foods, compounds, or medication that promote and facilitate bowel evacuation by acting locally to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, to soften bowel contents, or both. Laxatives are generally indicated in constipation (bowel movements that are infrequent and/or hard to pass). With constipation stools are usually hard, dry, small in size, and difficult to eliminate. At least 1 bowel …

Along with pianists and violinists, guitarists are one of the most vulnerable musicians to hand injuries. Guitarists frequently develop repetitive strain injury and tendonitis (tendinitis/tendinitides) that may coexist with compression nerve syndromes because of non functional posture and positioning of the upper extremities during long-term practice and performance. Musicians aren’t generally known for their athletic prowess, but it is physical …

Genes that are involved in the control of normal cell proliferation can be classified as:

Proliferative genes: Proto-oncogenes; mutated proto-oncogenes may become oncogenes.
Antiproliferative or tumour-suppressor genes: act to suppress cell proliferation.

Tumour cells also can arise by non-genetic means through the actions of specific tumour viruses called oncogenic virus or oncovirus.

There are two classes of tumor viruses:

Oncogenic DNA viruses
Oncogenic RNA viruses (retroviruses)

Oncogenic …

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an invitro method of DNA amplification that can rapidly clone (amplify) DNA samples as small as a single molecule. If a length of DNA is mixed with the 4 nucleotides (A, T, C and G), and the enzyme DNA polymerase, then the DNA will be replicated many times. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, …