Pharmacology Archive

The world of modern medicine was transformed in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming’s accidental discovery of penicillin, introducing the age of antibiotics. Today again the world of medicine teeters on the edge of another change, the post-antibiotic era. Sir Fleming predicted this ominous scenario ...Read More

Anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic forms of the male sex hormone testosterone. They mimic the effects of the male steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. They increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (especially in muscles). Taking ...Read More

FDA Approved Antibiotics which are marketed internationally. The problem of the antibiotic resistance has been over-viewed in the previous article. Here are the latest antibiotics in current use. Oxazolidinones In clinical use: Linezolid   In clinical trials: Radezolid, torezolid. Effective against Organisms- –gram-positive bacteria ...Read More

The need for novel antibacterials is a desparation today because of increasing resistance to the older ones.Three classes of drug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of concern- –Methicillin -resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), –multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) gram-negative bacteria, which include strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, ...Read More

Thalidomide taken during Pregnancy, in 1960s caused a horror outbreak  of a birth defects of limbs called Phocomelia Labeled as pregnancy category X,  the teratogenicity of  thalidomide is  most severe. Lipid soluble and readily crosses the placenta, so it should never be taken by ...Read More

Laxatives (purgatives, aperients) are foods, compounds, or medication that promote and facilitate bowel evacuation by acting locally to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, to soften bowel contents, or both. Laxatives are generally indicated in constipation (bowel movements that are infrequent and/or hard to pass). With constipation ...Read More