Definition: A hypermetabolic state that occurs in genetically susceptible patients on exposure to a triggering agent.
Triggering agents:

Suxamethonium or Succinylcholine (Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant)
All anesthetic volatile agents (eg. halothane)

Biochemical basis:
It is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition and caused by loss of normal Ca2+ homeostasis at some point along the excitation-contraction coupling process on exposure to triggering agents. Most likely site …

First of all, let’s take a moment and define sleep apnea. Have you ever repeatedly stopped breathing during the night? Well, that’s basically the best definition for sleep apnea – a disorder characterized by a recurrent issue in breathing during your night sleep. While there have been many different caused linked to this particular issue all of them lead to …

Spinal anesthesia, also known as Subarachnoid blockade or Spinal block is a type of regional anesthesia in which the lower half of the body is anesthetized by injecting an anesthetic agent in the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.
A. Indications:

Transurethral prostatectomy (a block to T10 is required because of innervation of the bladder)
Hysterectomy
Hernia repair
Caesarean section (block to T6)
Evacuation of retained …

Definition
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a postinfectious polyneuropathy involving mainly motor but sometimes also sensory and autonomic nerves. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results from an aberrant immune response directed at peripheral nervesThe pathogenesis of GBS is believed to be an abnormal immune response to an antecedent event, most commonly an infection. (Nelson Textbook of …

Pharmaceuticals need to be stored in adequate conditions. This has becomes especially relevant in light of the recent advancements made in production of medicine. Take monoclonal anti-bodies for instance; they have to be stored under low temperature conditions. While the conventional technique of cold chain is there, innovations have been made.

Here are some of the innovations that have taken place …