Definition: A hypermetabolic state that occurs in genetically susceptible patients on exposure to a triggering agent.
Triggering agents:

Suxamethonium or Succinylcholine (Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant)
All anesthetic volatile agents (eg. halothane)

Biochemical basis:
It is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition and caused by loss of normal Ca2+ homeostasis at some point along the excitation-contraction coupling process on exposure to triggering agents. Most likely site …

Spinal anesthesia, also known as Subarachnoid blockade or Spinal block is a type of regional anesthesia in which the lower half of the body is anesthetized by injecting an anesthetic agent in the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.
A. Indications:

Transurethral prostatectomy (a block to T10 is required because of innervation of the bladder)
Hysterectomy
Hernia repair
Caesarean section (block to T6)
Evacuation of retained …

Lung Volumes, Capacities and Dead Space- Definitions and Normal values . Knowledge of these values are quite important to understand respiratory physiology, pathological basis of various respiratory illnesses and for anesthesia.
Tidal Volume (TV)- Volume of gas inspired or expired in each breath during normal quiet respiration. It is 400-500 ml ie 10ml/kg
Inspiratory Reserve Volume ( IRV)- It is the maximum …

MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF LUNGS
Mechanical ventilation of lungs is carried out by intubating the patient by nasal or oral route or through tracheostomy and connecting endotracheal or tracheostomy tube to ventilator.

INDICATIONS:

On the basis of blood gas analysis

pO2<50mmHg in room air or pO2<60mmHg on FIO2 >.5
pH< 7.25(acute respiratory …