Definition
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a postinfectious polyneuropathy involving mainly motor but sometimes also sensory and autonomic nerves. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results from an aberrant immune response directed at peripheral nervesThe pathogenesis of GBS is believed to be an abnormal immune response to an antecedent event, most commonly an infection. (Nelson Textbook of …

Introduction:
Chronic widespread muscle pain is very prevalent in general population. Many studies have been done to identify its reason and hypovitaminosis d is one of the major cause of chronic muscle pain. Deficiency of vitamin d causes not only muscle pain but also ricktets in children, osteomalacia.
It is a fat soluble vitamin which helps in absorption and metabolism of calcium …

Definition: Inflammation of the pancreas due to parenchymal autodigestion by proteolytic enzymes
The clinical definition of acute pancreatitis, whether in the presence or absence of underlying chronic pancreatitis, requires atleast 2 of the following 3 features:

Clinical assessment: Abdominal pain suggestive strongly of acute pancreatitis.
Enzymes: Serum amylase and/or lipase activity at least 3 times greater than the upper limit of normal.
Imaging: Characteristic findings …

Definition: Lateral pressure exerted by the flowing blood on the wall of the vessels
Blood Pressure Measurement:
A) Methods:

Direct: Cardiac catheter
Indirect: Sphygmomanometer

Factors influencing BP measurement:

Increase BP: Caffeine, Tobacco smoking, Exercise, Emotional responses, Medications
Decrease: Changes in posture, Medications

B) Sphygmomanometer parts:

Aneroid barometer or Mercury manometer
Riva-rocci cuff: width must be atleast 40% of arm circumference, should be 20% broader than the diameter of the patient’s upper arm and must be …

ANATOMY OF SPLEEN

Location: Left hypochondrium
Rule of odds (1,3,5,7,9-11):

1 inch thick
3 inches broad
5 inches long
7 ounces weight
underlies 9-11 ribs

Position: obliquely along long axis of 10th rib; directed downward, forward and laterally
Arterial supply: Splenic artery from celiac trunk
Venous drainage: Splenic vein → Portal vein
Lymphatic drainage: Celiac (Para-aortic) nodes
Nerve supply: Sympathetic from celiac plexus

Histologically:

Red pulp: sinuses lined by endothelial macrophages and cords (spaces)
White …