The slender S-shaped clavicle (derived from latin word clāvis meaning key) is the only direct skeletal attachment between trunk and the upper limb. Other names for Clavicle are:

Collar bone
Beauty bone

Peculiarities of Clavicle:

It has no medullary cavity
It is the first bone to ossify in the fetus (5th-6th week)
It is the only long bone having 2 primary centers of ossification (others have …

Viruses are the smallest obligate intracellular infectious agents containing only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA as their genome. They are Living Chemicals.
Virus differ from bacteria in that they are:
1. much smaller
2. lack the enzyme necessary for synthesis of protein and nucleic acid
3. do not have cellular organisation or ribosomes
4. do not divide by binary fission or grow in inanimate media
5. possess …

Anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic forms of the male sex hormone testosterone. They mimic the effects of the male steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. They increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (especially in muscles). Taking doses 10 to 100 times the amount prescribed by doctors for various illnesses promotes larger muscles …

The world entered into 20th century with only one drug “aspirin”. Then there were discoveries and development of drugs like chloroquine, streptomycin, isoniazid, oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), anti-diabetics, cardiovascular drugs (CSVs), etc. The concept of Essential Medicines arose from countries like Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Cuba. Essential medicines are simply drugs used for treating widespread health problems.
WHO Definition of Essential …

Adaptations are reversible changes in the number, size, phenotype, metabolic activity or functions of cells in response to the changes in the environment. The types of cellular adaptations are:
1. Hypertrophy: Hypertropthy refers to an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.
a. No new cells are formed; just larger cells enlarged by increased amount …