Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC):

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium microti
Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium canettii

General Characteristics:

Nonmotile, nonsporing and noncapsulated bacillus arranged singly or in group
Has a complex peptidoglycan arabinogalactan mycolate cell wall that is approximately 60% lipid, resulting in acid-fastness, poor Gram staining (weakly gram positive), and resistance to drying and many chemicals
Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears slender, straight or slightly curved rod with beaded or barred appearance …

2 Anatomic Categories:
1. Upper UTI:

Acute pyelitis (renal pelvis)
Acute pyelonephritis (renal parenchyma)

2. Lower UTI:

Cystitis (urinary bladder)
Urethritis (urethra)

Predisposing Factors:

Obstruction of urinary flow: Benign Prostate Hypertrophy, Calculus, Tumor, etc.
Surgery: on the kidney or urinary tract
Catheters: inserted through the urethra into the bladder
Diabetes Mellitus and Immunocompromised states
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR): Reflux of urine from bladder up into ureters and renal pelvis
Neurogenic bladder or Bladder diverticulum
Female …

Bacterial Structures:
Size:  0.2 um (Mycoplasma species – smallest) to 5 um (Bacillus anthracis – largest) (compare RBC: 7um)

Peptidoglycan:

Function: Gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure
Chemical composition: Sugar backbone with cross-linked peptide side chains

Plasma (Cytoplasmic) membrane:

Function: Site of oxidative and transport enzymes; semipermeable membrane
Chemical composition: Lipoprotein bilayer beneath cell wall

Cell wall (Gram positives):

Function: Major surface antigen; freely permeable
Chemical composition: Peptidoglycan for …

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