Development Of Fetal Structures From the Three Germ Layers:

The three germ consiting of Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm give rise to all the organs and structures in the body. The list of structures developed from 3 primitive germ layers in given below.

Developing embryo

Skin Ectoderm-

• Epidermis, hair, nails,
• Cochlear duct, semicircular ducts,
• Enamel of tooth,
• Adenohypophysis,
• Lens of eye,
• Parotid gland,
• Mammary gland,
• Epithelial lining of lower anal canal.

Neuroectoderm:

• All neurons within brain and spinal cord
• Retina
• Neurohypophysis
• Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes

Neural Crest-

• Adrenal medulla
• Ganglia- Sensory , Autonomic
• Pigment cells
• Schwann cells
• Meninges- Pia and arachnoid mater
• Pharyngeal arch cartilage
• Ondontoblasts
• Parafollicular C cells
• Aorticopulmonary septum
• Endocardial cushions

MESODERM-

• Muscle ( Smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
• Extraocular muscles ( Preotic somites)
• Muscles of the tongue( occipital somites )
• Connective tissue, dermis of skin
• Bone, cartilage
• Blood and lymph vessels
• Heart
• Adrenal cortex
• Spleen’Kidney’Duramater
• Testes and ovaries

Notocord- Nucleus pulposus

ENDODERM-

1. Epithelial lining of Gastrointestinal tract, Trachea, bronchi, lungs
2. Biliary apparatus
3. Urinary Bladder, Urethra
4. Vagina
5. Auditory tube
6. Middle ear cavity
7. Parenchyma of :- Liver, Pancreas, Submandibular glands, Sublingual gland,Thyroid,Parathyroid

Tags: ectoderm, embryology, endoderm, germ layers, mesoderm

Last updated: September 2, 2010

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